Manhattan
(Ed Note: Most information on non-standard design treatments comes from the Technical Design Handbook in the 2010 LA Bike Plan. Though we are happy to present it in bite-sized pieces, we highly recommend you download it yourself and have a good read. These particular treatments can be found on pages 105 and 106. You can download the Technical Design Handbook here.)
Separated Bicycle Lanes (Cycle Tracks)
In this new series, “Thinking Outside the Box” we will review non-standard design treatments, offering readers an informed take on various bicycle infrastructure features. The inaugural post covers separated bicycle lanes, alternatively known as cycle tracks, which are fairly common in Europe and I’ve had personal experience with them during my time in Copenhagen. Often these lanes feature a physical barrier between automobiles and bicyclists, simulating a separated bikeway. Perceived safety undoubtedly increases with the presence of physical barriers, which is instrumental in getting less experienced bicyclists to bike. While separated bicycle lanes have benefits over striping, they also have much higher financial and political costs which can be difficult to overcome without extensive community outreach. They often require the removal of either a vehicle travel lane or parking and have longer installation times. This isn’t to say implementation is impossible; the City of Long Beach and New York City both have pilot projects in place. If there are any other examples that you think deserve mentioning, leave a comment!
Raised Bike Lanes
Raised Bike Lanes found in the Technical Design Handbook
Raised bike lanes feature a sloped curb which separates bicyclists from car traffic, providing more physical separation than striping. Both drivers and bicyclists are given a physical reminder to where the bike lane is located, and the sloped curb allows bicyclists to leave the lane easily to avoid obstructions like buses. Additionally, this treatment can be enhanced with (green) colored pavement to further highlight separation. The downside to this infrastructure is that it has much higher costs associated with it, and requires partial street closures in order to construct. They also require the removal of either vehicle travel lane or parking. Because of this, cycle tracks may have much higher political costs due to construction impacts on local businesses and homeowners, who wish to minimize their inconvenience.
- The Danish Example
The real challenge with this design treatment lies in education, removing parking is often an uphill battle. Business owners afraid of decreased customers from the removed parking could perhaps be swayed with the increased street traffic that cycling infrastructure brings. Homeowners and those living in apartment complexes would be extremely hard sells, as parking is often difficult in densely populated areas. While this may make the outlook for raised bike lanes bleak, it’s not like Copenhagen or Amsterdam didn’t meet these problems when installing their infrastructures in the 70s. Check out the image above from Vesterbro in Copenhagen for some inspiration!
Protected Bike Lanes or Cycle Tracks
- Protected Bike Lanes
Protected bike lanes are an infrastructural step above raised bike lanes, and as a result heighten many of their financial and political costs. But the increased cost has a payoff in safety, these facilities simulate the experience of a separated path with on-street infrastructure. These tracks can be either one way, two way, or on one or both sides of a street, and are separated from both cars and pedestrians by markings, curbs, medians, and on-street parking. Treatments will often require their own signals, which increases cost but also increases safety. My experience with protected cycle tracks in Copenhagen was very positive, curbed lanes were often blocked by buses dropping off passengers which would cause a pile up. While the “door zone” problem is an issue when parked cars are used as a barrier, having what functioned as a metal fence was extremely reassuring.
Appropriate Useage
The primary difference between these two lanes is varying levels of physical protection, a curb accomplishes more than striping, and a barrier accomplishes more than a curb. Raised bikeways are often utilized in areas with lower speeds which have increased access points like driveways or bus stops. You can’t have physical barriers in places where auto access is needed, at a parking lot for example. Cycle tracks are better suited to thoroughfares with higher traffic speeds, where there are fewer access points and the increased safety is needed. These streets are also wider, which gives planners more flexibility when every foot counts. For an example, the Dutch bike guru’s from the ThinkBike conference suggested a separated treatment on Spring Street!
It should be noted that none of these treatments are approved for use in the United States. At this time, pilot projects will need to be carried out and proven successful before they become standard design elements. For more information, refer to our Technical Design Handbook, these treatments can be found on pages 105-106.
I personally think that these lanes can be attributed to the high riderships in both Denmark and the Netherlands, and while the political and financial costs are high it is worth it in the end. Comment to let us know what you think of the proposed plan.
Let’s push for pilot projects on the Main/Spring corridor and the myFigueroa plan… and with a few different configurations so the engineers can study varying traffic conditions. Eventually I’d like to see these on every street in the bicycle backbone. I imagine the “raised” configuration would integrate well with most of our streets, since we have so many driveways.
If we implement raised cycle tracks we need do like the Dutch and NOT have driveways influence the level of the sidewalk or the cycle track. This not only demonstrates who has priority but also makes riding/walking safer and more pleasant. Why on earth does the sidewalk need a ramp so that a lifeless 2 ton motorized vehicle can have an easier time entering a garage or parking lot?
Two-way cycletrack in Santa Cruz:
http://g.co/maps/ss3gs
Why do business owners have power to decide against safe bicycle facilities for all ages? These streets belong to the city! We need to treat cycling as a viable transport option, and accommodate cyclists with safe facilities. And regarding the driveway excuse
http://hembrow.blogspot.com/2011/08/but-we-have-driveways.html
Please don’t let raised cycle lanes give way to driveways!
[...] Box offers a powerful indictment of L.A.’s frequently blocked bike lanes. LADOT explains separated bike lanes, and says the new Commuter Express buses will have triple bike racks. LA Cycle Chic discovers a new [...]
I don’t know of a city in the world where people have a choice for transportation and there is at least a 10% bicycle modal share without using a extensive network of protected bicycle infrastructure. Unprotected bike lanes on busy streets will simply exclude much of the potential bicyclists that are interested but concerned, and that is a much larger part of the population than the young and fearless who ride in mixed traffic..
Most of the bike lanes (or potenitally cycle tracks) on the bike plan are on streets that are predominately fronted by businesses. To get people to buy in to the idea of a separated lane or cycle track, it seems likely that you would have to convince most of them that it would be good for business. Having a CicLavia type event along these streets would quickly convince restaurants and markets that the increase in bicycling would be very good for business. I consider CicLAvia to be a meat tenderizer for installing bicycle infrastructure along these corridors, as it softens the businesses or residents up, or makes it more palatable to install permanant bicycle infrastructure. If a CicLavia cannot be brought to a street, then bring testimonials from the businesses or residents where CicLavia has already occured.
To get a wide range of demographics to ride a bike you have to make it comfortable for them or they simply will not ride, as was stated at the ThinkBike workshop. Those streets that have high traffic volume need to have a physical barrier and a buffer zone for a high degree of subjective bicycling comfort.
There must also be a flat surface to ride ride on. This means that the bike path or cycle track must not have a ramp to get past drive ways that are kept flat, as it is in Balboa park or the Orange line bike path at intersections. This disrupts the continuous speed of the rider or else you experience a very harsh ride when you are jolted by the ramp. If the motorized vehicles must have a flat surface through intersections, then why would you expect that bicycles-that do not have suspensions-would not need something like that?
The Netherlands has eliminated the conflict of buses stopping in the bike lane or cycle track. They simply move the bicycle infrastructure around the bus stop and then back to it’s original location when the bus stop is cleared.
http://hembrow.blogspot.com/2011/10/bus-stops-which-dont-cause-problems-for.html
[...] Protected bike lanes essentially place a bike lane along the curb and place car parking to the left of the bike lane as a buffer separating motorized traffic and bicycle traffic. To read more about protected bike lanes concept check out the Los Angeles Department of Transportation Bike Blog’s recent post explaining these facilities. [...]
a great area for cycle tracks would be Venice Blvd., near the Expo Line. Lots of parkway space there, unused, which could be used to add buffers to protect the cyclists.
[...] Many members of the BPIT team wanted to know why there haven’t been more efforts to install “Protected Bike Lanes”, also known as “Cycle Tracks.” A cycle track is essentially a separated treatment which places a barrier between bicyclists and automobiles, maximizing comfort and safety. This form of infrastructure is extremely prevalent in bike capitals like Copenhagen and Amsterdam, and is often attributed to their high bicycle ridership. If you wish to learn more about Protected Bike Lanes, check out our coverage here. [...]